# Jacek Kudrewicz, Stefan Wasowicz's Equations of Phase-Locked Loops: Dynamics on Circle, Torus PDF

By Jacek Kudrewicz, Stefan Wasowicz

ISBN-10: 9812770909

ISBN-13: 9789812770905

Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs) are digital platforms that may be used as a synchronized oscillator, a motive force or multiplier of frequency, a modulator or demodulator and as an amplifier of part modulated signs. This e-book updates the equipment utilized in the research of PLLs through drawing at the effects received within the final forty years. Many are released for the 1st time in booklet shape. Nonlinear and deterministic mathematical versions of continuous-time and discrete-time PLLs are thought of and their simple homes are given within the kind of theorems with rigorous proofs. The publication indicates very attractive dynamics, and indicates quite a few actual phenomena saw in synchronized oscillators defined by way of whole (not averaged) equations of PLLs. specifically chosen mathematical instruments are used the idea of differential equations on a torus, the phase-plane photographs on a cyclinder, a perturbation idea (Melnikov s theorem on heteroclinic trajectories), crucial manifolds, iterations of one-dimensional maps of a circle and two-dimensional maps of a cylinder. utilizing those instruments, the houses of PLLs, specifically the areas of synchronization are defined. Emphasis is on bifurcations of assorted different types of periodic and chaotic oscillations. unusual attractors within the dynamics of PLLs are thought of, akin to these stumbled on via RÃ¶ssler, Henon, Lorenz, may perhaps, Chua and others.

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Additional info for Equations of Phase-Locked Loops: Dynamics on Circle, Torus and Cylinder

Example text

Then length I and length J < length U . Hence, the induction hypothesis applies to I and δ I, and we obtain that w ≡ y +w (mod δ). By the transitivity of δ, we conclude that (2) z1 ≡ y + w (mod δ). Therefore, applying the induction hypothesis to J and δ J, we conclude (1). References [1] G. Cz´edli, Patch extensions and trajectory colorings of slim rectangular lattices. Algebra Universalis 88 (2013), 255–280. [2] G. Gra ¨tzer, Congruences of fork extensions of lattices. Acta Sci. Math. (Szeged), 57 (2014), 417–434.

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